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Objective:To summarize the best evidence of intracranial hypertension nursing for adult patients with severe brain injury, and to provide reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods:According to the evidence-based methodology, a systematic search of Chinese and English literature on intracranial hypertension nursing of adult patients with severe brain injury was conducted in domestic and foreign databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Cinahl Plus and so on, as well as related guide websites and professional association websites from the establishment of database to August 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated literature quality and screened evidence, and then the project team summarized and concluded the evidence.Results:A total of 6 009 articles were obtained through preliminary search, and 33 articles were included after screening, including 13 guidelines, 1 systematic review, 17 expert consensus, 1 evidence summary, and 1 meta-analysis. In total, 33 pieces of best evidence were obtained from 8 dimensions, including intracranial pressure related threshold, assessment and monitoring, respiratory care, circulation care, analgesic and sedative care, temperature care, nutrition care and cerebrospinal fluid care.Conclusions:This study summarizes the evidence-based basis of intracranial hypertension nursing in adult patients with severe brain injury, which provides a basis for the standardized construction of clinical nursing strategies and empirical research.
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Oxidative stress is the key determinant in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Given that cellular defense against oxidative stress is an energy-consuming process, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether increasing energy availability by glucose supplementation protects cochlear hair cells against oxidative stress and attenuates NIHL. Our results revealed that glucose supplementation reduced the noise-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently attenuated noise-induced loss of outer hair cells, inner hair cell synaptic ribbons, and NIHL in CBA/J mice. In cochlear explants, glucose supplementation increased the levels of ATP and NADPH, as well as attenuating H
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OBJECTIVE To explore the role of miR-34a on upregulating the expression of Bcl-2,which induces the apoptosis of primary auditory cortex neuron in the central mechanism of age-related hearing loss.METHODS Using C57BL/6 suckling mouse to obtain the brain tissue from auditory cortex according to the Location map,and to primary culture the neurons.After transfection on primary neurons,western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and then hoechst staining was used to detect the apoptosis after transfection.RESULTS primary culture of auditory cortex neurons abtained from enzyme digestion were transfected with miR-34a mimic and miR-34a inhibitor to upregualte or downregulate the expression of miR-34a,the results showed that the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased after upregulation of miR-34a with the concentration of 5 nmol/L(t=5.127,P＜0.05),there was significant difference between the concentration of 10 and 20 nmol/L(t=6.379,P＜0.05),while increased after downregulation of miR-34a with concentration of 5 nmol/L(t=4.926,P＜0.05),there was significant difference between the concentration of 10 and 20 nmol/L(t=5.821,P＜0.05).Hoechst staining showed that the apoptotic neurons was increased after transfection of miR-34a mimic.CONCLUSION miR-34a induce the auditory cortex neuron apoptosis through downregulates Bcl-2,which central mechanism of age-related hearing loss.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of Bcl-2, on mRNA and protein levels, in the different age of C57BL/6 mice cochleae and the expression localization in the cochleae.METHODS Using ABR to test the hearing level in C57BL/6 mice. Surface preparation of cochlear basil membrane is used to observe the morphology and amout of the outer and inner hair cells in different age of C57BL/6 mice. Fluorescent quantitative real time PCR, immunofluorescence histochemical method and western blot are used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 on the mRNA and protein levels in the C57BL/6 mice cochlea of different age groups ('young group', 'elderly group').RESULTS ABR results showed that the hearing threshold of 'older' C57BL/6 mice is much higher than that in the 'young' mice, and surface preparation of cochlear basil membrane showed the hair cell localized in the cochlear basil turn of 'old' mice arranged in a disorder station and part of hair cells were lost. Also, the spiral ganglion cells arranged sparsely and messily. Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR results suggest the expression of Bcl-2 on/at the mRNA level of the 'old' mice cochleae decreases significantly, compared to that in the 'young' mice. The results of Immunofluorescence and Western blot suggest the expression of Bcl-2 on/at the protein levels of the 'old' mice cochlea decreased, compared to that in the 'young' mice. Also, the Bcl-2 is located in the cytoplasm, and the expression of Bcl-2 in the inner hair cells seems higher than that in the outer hair cells. CONCLUSION The expression of Bcl-2 significantly deceased in the 'old' C57BL/6 mice cochleae, both on mRNA and protein level, which may be related to the hearing loss and loss of hair cells.